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Introduction to Politics
Pick out the incorrect statement
- Select one:
- a. Every right is restricted by social interest
- b. Rights are given to the individual living in a society
- c. The basis for judging rights is their capacity for serving the individual and social interest
- d. All the above
The central idea of sovereignty is
- Select one:
- a. Power
- b. Law
- c. Authority
- d. Legitimacy
Which of the following is a permanent feature of a representative form of government?
- Select one:
- a. Voting
- b. Decision-making
- c. Military force
- d. None of the above
As a form of government, Aristotle preferred
- Select one:
- a. Aristocracy
- b. Tyranny
- c. Democracy
- d. Monarchy
In the words of Woodrow Wilson, World War I was fought to make the world safe for:
- Select one:
- a. Representative government
- b. Liberty
- c. Democracy
- d. All of the above
Who opined that it was in small states that democracy first arose?
- Select one:
- a. Lord Bryce
- b. Lord Acton
- c. Lord Hewart
- d. None of the above
Legal justice is broadly applied in the context of:
- Select one:
- a. Justice according to law
- b. Law according to justice
- c. Both (a) and (b)
- d. Law and justice according to morality
Harold Lasswell’s “Politics: Who Gets, What, When and How” discusses:
- Select one:
- a. Distributive justice
- b. Scientific method and value-relativism
- c. Social implications of political participation
- d. Fundamentals of political participation
Which of the following are not the basis of the authority of society?
- Select one:
- a. Social customs
- b. Conventions
- c. Laws
- d. Moral pressure
Politics is a struggle for power on three levels
- Select one:
- a. Society, state, and family
- b. State, inter-state, and intra-state
- c. Family, society, and political groups
- d. Nation, state, and districts
Jurisprudence is
- Select one:
- a. Law
- b. History of law
- c. Anthology on law
- d. Science of law
The ‘power theory’ finds its brilliant manifestation in the political philosophy of
- Select one:
- a. Locke
- b. Hobbes
- c. Mill
- d. Rousseau
Which of the following countries practice direct democracy in modern times?
- Select one:
- a. Greece
- b. Forest Cantons of Switzerland
- c. German Lander
- d. Both (b) and ©
Who defines democracy as a form of government in which the governing body is a comparatively large fraction of the entire nation?
- Select one:
- a. Lincoln
- b. Dicey
- c. Garner
- d. Laski
The idea of ‘joining or fitting’ is implied in the concept of
- Select one:
- a. Liberty
- b. Equality
- c. Property
- d. Justice
Who opined that the term justice is derived from the Latin word jus, which embodies the idea of joining or fitting, the idea of bond or tie?
- Select one:
- a. Laski
- b. Willoughby
- c. Barker
- d. Marx
Who among the following laid down an elaborate definition of personal liberty?
- Select one:
- a. Rawls
- b. Poulantzas
- c. Robert Michels
- d. John Stuart Mill
In the long run, broadened participation is a variable of:
- Select one:
- a. Political communication
- b. Social and economic modernization
- c. Cultural revolution
- d. Social justice
Early Greek city-states experimented with different forms of government, prominent among them were:
- Select one:
- a. Monarchy and Tyranny
- b. Aristocracy and Oligarchy
- c. Democracy and Monarchy
- d. All of the above
Which of the following is not a method of democratic participation?
- Select one:
- a. Voting
- b. Campaigning in the election
- c. Contesting the election
- d. Listening to election speeches
“We have a right to the means that are necessary to the development of our lives in the direction of the highest good of the community of which we are a part” – Bosanquet. The above statement highlights:
- Select one:
- a. Importance of personality
- b. Linkage between development and community
- c. An aspect of rights
- d. All of the above
In Marxist theory, society is divided into dominant and dependent classes, and the former controls the state which is an embodiment of:
- Select one:
- a. Political Power
- b. Economic Power
- c. Social Power
- d. None of the above
The time-honored classification of government into monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy does not have much value today because:
- Select one:
- a. Information revolution has brought about a change in the political understanding of the people.
- b. Most governments at present are of a mixed type
- c. Characteristics of government keep on changing from age to age
- d. All of the above
What contributes to the success of democracy?
- Select one:
- a. Education
- b. Participation
- c. Political parties
- d. Overpopulation
David Easton defined politics as the authoritative allocation of:
- Select one:
- a. Power
- b. Influences
- c. Interests
- d. Values
Which of the following are not the basics of the authority of society?
- Select one:
- a. Social customs
- b. Conventions
- c. Laws
- d. Moral pressure
Which of the following is correct?
- Select one:
- a. My right is not your duty, and your right is my duty
- b. My right is your duty, and your right is my duty
- c. Rights and duties are not the two sides of the same coin
- d. Every right does not have a corresponding obligation
One of the obvious criticisms of the social welfare theory of rights is that:
- Select one:
- a. It accords precedence to welfare over law
- b. Social welfare may infringe on individual rights and may lead to the position that it is right to do a little injury to an individual in order to do a great deal of good to the community.
- c. Social welfare is the antithesis of the community’s welfare
- d. The thinking based on social welfare does not discriminate between ideologies.
By fundamental rights we mean,
- Select one:
- a. Rights guaranteed by the constitution
- b. Rights guaranteed by the monarch
- c. Rights followed by duties
- d. None of the above
Who said that politics is concerned with the authoritative ‘allocation of values’ for a society?
- Select one:
- a. Miller
- b. David Easton
- c. Alan Ball
- d. Ernest Benn
The work Ideology and Utopia is authored by:
- Select one:
- a. Karl Mannheim
- b. S.M. Lipset
- c. Saint Simon
- d. A.F. Bentley
The concept of liberty has developed mainly in modern times and is closely associated with the philosophy of:
- Select one:
- a. Utilitarianism
- b. Liberalism
- c. Individualism
- d. None of the above
“Man is free when he obeys the law of impulse for self–perfection” – Green. In the above statement, Thomas Hill Green upholds which of the following ideas of freedom?
- Select one:
- a. Personal freedom
- b. Moral freedom
- c. National freedom
- d. Constitutional freedom
__________ is the central subject of the study of political science.
- Select one:
- a. Population
- b. State
- c. Behavior
- d. Mass Communication
In the words of Laski
- Select one:
- a. State is not known by the rights of the State
- b. State is known to create rights
- c. State is known by moral rights
- d. State is known by the rights it maintains
Bluntschli restricted the scope of Political Science to
- Select one:
- a. The study of government and politics
- b. The study of State and Government
- c. The study of Government
- d. The study of State
The idea of ‘reverse discrimination’ implies:
- Select one:
- a. Discrimination in a decreasing order
- b. Equating rich and poor as in the electoral arena
- c. Bestowing favored treatment to the hitherto deprived sections
- d. Establishing institutional checks against arbitrary distinctions
The statement “Men are born and always continue free and equal in respect of their rights” is associated with
- Select one:
- a. U.N Charter of Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948.
- b. French Declaration of Rights of Man, 1789
- c. American Declaration of Rights
- d. None of the above
The work Political Science: A Philosophical Analysis is authored by:
- Select one:
- a. Oran Young
- b. Herbert Storing
- c. Vernon Van Dyke
- d. Leo Strauss
A scientific sociological evaluation of the state has been discussed by:
- Select one:
- a. MacIver in The Modern State
- b. Engels in Anti-Duhring
- c. MacIver in The Web of Government
- d. Engels in The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State
The historical theory of rights can be summed up in the sentence:
- Select one:
- a. History makes right
- b. What is right is historical
- c. History is the child of right
- d. History and right are antithetical
Democratic or political participation is the hallmark of democracy and
- Select one:
- a. Political modernization
- b. Political development
- c. Both (a) and (b)
- d. Political communication
The system which enables the majority of a constituency in Switzerland to call back their representative from office if they are not satisfied with his work is:
- Select one:
- a. Proportional representation
- b. Recall
- c. Spoil system
- d. Plebiscite
Prof. Harold Laski emphasized the scope of Political Science to include the study of
- Select one:
- a. State and sovereignty
- b. Government and politics
- c. State and Government
- d. Government only
In the words of __________ in his book Principles of Social Political Obligation, “Rights are the external conditions necessary for the greatest possible development of the capacities of the personality”
- Select one:
- a. Laski
- b. Barker
- c. Bosanquet
- d. Lindsay
The subject that deals with man in relation to the State and Government is called
- Select one:
- a. Economics
- b. History
- c. Political Science
- d. Psychology
In connection with rights, Bentham and Mill expressly advocate the principle of utility in opposition to:
- Select one:
- a. Conventions and traditions
- b. Merely following customs and appealing to the arbitrary voice of nature
- c. Law and rules
- d. Principles of jurisprudence
Who has termed social consciousness as modern consciousness in the context of the determination of the meaning of justice?
- Select one:
- a. Barker
- b. D.D. Raphael
- c. Laski
- d. Sabine
Which of the following is the work authored by Lord Bryce?
- Select one:
- a. Political Science and Government
- b. State in Theory and Practice
- c. Modern Democracies
- d. Democratic Government
Legal equality implies:
- Select one:
- a. Equal subjection of all citizens to the law
- b. Equal protection of the law for all citizens
- c. Equal distribution of material goods to all
- d. Both (a) and (b)
Who wrote the book Considerations on Representative Government?
- Select one:
- a. Hobbes
- b. Locke
- c. Rousseau
- d. J.S. Mill
Who among the following is one of the advocates of the power theory in politics?
- Select one:
- a. Catlin
- b. Kaplan
- c. Lasswell
- d. All of the above
Who among the following employed a biological method in the study of politics?
- Select one:
- a. Lord Acton
- b. Milton
- c. T.H. Green
- d. Herbert Spencer
According to the classical liberal theorists
- Select one:
- a. State is a social agency
- b. State is a political agency
- c. State is a neutral body
- d. State is an agent of economic upliftment
Who said that State comes into existence originating in the bare needs of life of man and continuing in existence for the sake of good life?
- Select one:
- a. Plato
- b. Socrates
- c. Aristotle
- d. Montesquieu
The famous ‘fourfold functional analysis’ of the social systems is made by
- Select one:
- a. Gabriel Almond
- b. Sidney Verba
- c. James Coleman
- d. Talcott Parsons
The chief proponents of the theory of natural rights are
- Select one:
- a. John Locke and Thomas Paine
- b. Lasswell and Kant
- c. Hegel and Kant
- d. Durkheim and Weber
Which of the following have been authored by Robert Dahl?
- Select one:
- a. A Preface to Democratic Theory
- b. Political Science – The Discipline and Its Dimensions
- c. Modern Political Analysis
- d. Both (a) and (c)
Who among the following insists on the ‘mono-national state’ as a condition of successful democracy?
- Select one:
- a. Thomas Hobbes
- b. Hannah Arendt
- c. J.S. Mill
- d. Laski
Who among the following defined democracy as “the government of the people, for the people, and by the people”?
- Select one:
- a. MacIver
- b. Aristotle
- c. Abraham Lincoln
- d. Napoleon
Who founded the structural-functional school in political science?
- Select one:
- a. Apter
- b. Coleman
- c. Plato
- d. Both (a) and (b)
Who among the following advocated that the central idea of political science is power?
- Select one:
- a. David Apter
- b. Amos
- c. Max Weber
- d. Runciman
Inequality in society was supported by:
- Select one:
- a. Pericles
- b. Plato
- c. Aristotle
- d. Both (b) and (c)
Who defines Political Science as that part of social science which treats the foundations of the State and the principles of Government?
- Select one:
- a. Prof. Harold Laski
- b. Lasswell
- c. Garner
- d. Paul Janet
The “iron law of oligarchy” was propounded by:
- Select one:
- a. James Burnham
- b. Robert Michels
- c. Gaetano Mosca
- d. Graham Wallas
Who said, “Rights, in fact, are those conditions of social life without which no man seeks, in general, to be his best”?
- Select one:
- a. MacIver
- b. Laski
- c. Hegel
- d. Kant
He explained his view of democracy in his work Political Man. His view of democracy is based on what he calls the competitive character of governing elites in modern democracies. He is:
- Select one:
- a. Robert Dahl
- b. Louis Althusser
- c. Martin Lipset
- d. None of the above
Who defines the political system as the “institutions, processes, and interactions through which values are authoritatively allocated in a society?
- Select one:
- a. Almond
- b. Easton
- c. Apter
- d. Pye
The nearest approach that one finds to direct democracy in some modern states is in the form of
- Select one:
- a. Referendum
- b. Initiative
- c. Recall
- d. All of the above
Aristotle is rightly regarded as “the father of political science” because:
- Select one:
- a. Prior to him, political thinking was virtually absent in the world
- b. He combined the ‘practical’ and ‘theoretical’ facets of politics
- c. It was he who first brought to bear on political phenomena the patient analysis and unbiased research which are the proper marks and virtues of scientific inquiry
- d. It was he who made the first effort to grant political science the shape of a separate academic discipline
Which of the following statements is true?
- Select one:
- a. No rights can be given to the man against the social interest
- b. Grant of rights is not concerned with social interest
- c. Rights can have an anti-social character
- d. None of the above
The author of Anarchy, State, and Utopia is
- Select one:
- a. F.A. Hayek
- b. C.B. Macpherson
- c. Robert Nozick
- d. Nietzsche
In the nineteenth century, a vigorous demand for socio-economic equality was raised by:
- Select one:
- a. Working class
- b. Peasantry
- c. Propertied class
- d. None of the above
Democracy as an ideal can be achieved through:
- Select one:
- a. Political Institution
- b. Transformation of the mode of production
- c. Inculcation of new values of human equality
- d. All the above
Rule of Law is a concept that denotes a principle of governance requiring which of the following conditions to be fulfilled?
- Select one:
- a. Laws of the land should be properly notified so that the citizens know how it will affect them.
- b. Laws should be ‘general’ in form so that they are uniformly applicable to all the citizens
- c. No law should be applicable with retrospective effect
- d. All of the above
__________ is the most important agency of the State
- Select one:
- a. Press
- b. Judiciary
- c. Sovereignty
- d. Government
Who among the following opines that a right is a power claimed and recognized as contributory to common good?
- Select one:
- a. Green
- b. Laski
- c. Barker
- d. None of the above
Who among the following opined that life is a “perpetual and restless desire for power after power which ceases only in death”?
- Select one:
- a. Aristotle
- b. Nietzsche
- c. Hobbes
- d. Lasswell
Hobbes’ idea of civil society is the area where the liberty of the subject lies in
- Select one:
- a. The liberty to buy and sell and otherwise contract with one another
- b. The liberty to choose their own abode
- c. The liberty to choose their own trade of life
- d. All of the above
Justice is a dynamic idea because
- Select one:
- a. Its realization is a continuous process
- b. Progress towards its realization depends upon the development of social consciousness
- c. Both (a) and (b)
- d. The term justice suggests the quality of being just or right or reasonable
A powerful eighteenth-century advocate of direct democracy was
- Select one:
- a. Rousseau
- b. Montesquieu
- c. Voltaire
- d. Diderot
Who among the following has dubbed Marxism as a totalitarian doctrine?
- Select one:
- a. Karl Popper
- b. Isaiah Berlin
- c. Hannah Arendt
- d. Both (a) and ( c)
Direct democracy was first practiced in the Greek city-states. In medieval times this type of democracy was revived by
- Select one:
- a. Chinese kings
- b. Indian states
- c. Italian city-states
- d. All of the above
Which of the following works have been authored by C.B. Macpherson?
- Select one:
- a. The Life and Times of Liberal Democracy
- b. Democratic Theory: Essays in Retrieval
- c. The Real World of Democracy
- d. All the above
Who among the following scholars authored the work Mind and Society?
- Select one:
- a. Edward Tufte
- b. Pareto
- c. Gaetano Mosca
- d. None of the above
The work Law and Rights is authored by:
- Select one:
- a. W.E. Hocking
- b. L.T. Hobhouse
- c. Harold Laski
- d. None of the above
Democracy in its narrow sense means
- Select one:
- a. Rule by the many
- b. A form of government
- c. A type of state
- d. An order of society
The work Liberty, Equality, Fraternity is authored by:
- Select one:
- a. J.F. Stephen
- b. J.F. Kennedy
- c. J.F. Ribero
- d. None of the above
Which of the following works have not been authored by R.M. MacIver?
- Select one:
- a. The Web of Government
- b. Society: Its Structure and Changes
- c. The Modern State
- d. An Introduction to Politics
Rights are broadly divided into three categories: natural rights, moral rights, and legal rights
- Select one:
- a. Civil rights
- b. Political rights
- c. Economic rights
- d. All of the above
The success of democracy depends upon
- Select one:
- a. Popular education
- b. Faith in certain fundamental democratic principles
- c. Social equality
- d. All of the above
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Rights?
- Select one:
- a. The society gives recognition to only those rights which are for the welfare of the society as a whole and which promote some common and moral good.
- b. The state does not create rights, though they exist within the state
- c. Without society, there can be no rights
- d. Rights are not universal i.e., they are privileges
The work Ideology and Utopia is authored by:
- Select one:
- a. Karl Mannheim
- b. S.M. Lipset
- c. Saint Simon
- d. A.F. Bentley
Who said that politics is concerned with the authoritative ‘allocation of values’ for a society?
- Select one:
- a. Miller
- b. David Easton
- c. Alan Ball
- d. Ernest Benn
The work Political Science: A Philosophical Analysis is authored by:
- Select one:
- a. Oran Young
- b. Herbert Storing
- c. Vernon Van Dyke
- d. Leo Strauss
“Man is free when he obeys the law of impulse for self–perfection” – Green. In the above statement, Thomas Hill Green upholds which of the following ideas of freedom?
- Select one:
- a. Personal freedom
- b. Moral freedom
- c. National freedom
- d. Constitutional freedom
The statement “Men are born and always continue free and equal in respect of their rights” is associated with
- Select one:
- a. U.N Charter of Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948.
- b. French Declaration of Rights of Man, 1789
- c. American Declaration of Rights
- d. None of the above
Who among the following opined that life is a “perpetual and restless desire for power after power which ceases only in death”?
- Select one:
- a. Aristotle
- b. Nietzsche
- c. Hobbes
- d. Lasswell
__________ is the central subject of the study of political science.
- Select one:
- a. Population
- b. State
- c. Behavior
- d. Mass Communication
Bluntschli restricted the scope of Political Science to
- Select one:
- a. The study of government and politics
- b. The study of State and Government
- c. The study of Government
- d. The study of State
Which of the following is the work authored by Lord Bryce?
- Select one:
- a. Political Science and Government
- b. State in Theory and Practice
- c. Modern Democracies
- d. Democratic Government
The “iron law of oligarchy” was propounded by:
- Select one:
- a. James Burnham
- b. Robert Michels
- c. Gaetano Mosca
- d. Graham Wallas
Who among the following employed a biological method in the study of politics?
- Select one:
- a. Lord Acton
- b. Milton
- c. T.H. Green
- d. Herbert Spencer
Legal equality implies:
- Select one:
- a. Equal subjection of all citizens to the law
- b. Equal protection of the law for all citizens
- c. Equal distribution of material goods to all
- d. Both (a) and (b)
According to __________ “Life is not merely living but living well”
- Select one:
- a. St. Augustine
- b. Plato
- c. Aristotle
- d. Socrates
According to the classical liberal theorists
- Select one:
- a. State is a social agency
- b. State is a political agency
- c. State is a neutral body
- d. State is an agent of economic upliftment
Which of the following is correct?
- Select one:
- a. My right is not your duty, and your right is my duty
- b. My right is your duty, and your right is my duty
- c. Rights and duties are not the two sides of the same coin
- d. Every right does not have a corresponding obligation
“The art of looking for trouble, finding it whether it exists or not, diagnosing it wrongly, and applying the wrong remedy.” Who among the following gave the above definition of politics?
- Select one:
- a. Ernest Barker
- b. Ernest Benn
- c. Frederick Pollock
- d. David Easton
The idea of ‘reverse discrimination’ implies:
- Select one:
- a. Discrimination in a decreasing order
- b. Equating rich and poor as in the electoral arena
- c. Bestowing favored treatment to the hitherto deprived sections
- d. Establishing institutional checks against arbitrary distinctions
Who among the following condemned democracy as “an aristocracy of blackguards”?
- Select one:
- a. Henry Maine
- b. Lord Bryce
- c. Lecky
- d. Talleyrand
Which of the following is the use to which the term ‘liberty’ can be put?
- Select one:
- a. Freedom from constraint, captivity, or tyranny
- b. The unrestrained enjoyment of natural rights
- c. Power of free choice
- d. All the above
