Economics

Mathematics in Economics: An Academic Overview of Real-Valued Functions and Applications Abstract This article presents a comprehensive overview of foundational concepts in mathematics as applied to economics, based on university-level …

🌐 Variables in the Extra-Operational Environment: A Business and Marketing Perspective Abstract The extra-operational environment includes all external variables that influence an organization but are beyond its direct control. These …

  🌍 Environmental Aspects in Business: Intra-Operational and Extra-Operational Perspectives Abstract Environmental concerns are increasingly central to business strategy and marketing practice. Addressing sustainability not only supports regulatory compliance but …

Abstract Marketing ethics refers to the principles and standards that define acceptable conduct in marketing practices. As consumers grow more conscious of environmental, social, and economic impacts, ethical marketing has …

Marketing, as a broad and complex discipline, is divided into various categories based on function, medium, audience, and purpose. These categories help businesses focus their strategies, target the right audiences, …

Abstract Marketing approaches are strategic frameworks that guide how businesses identify customer needs, position their offerings, and deliver value. These approaches evolve based on market conditions, technological advancements, and changes …

  Consumer and Producer Surplus at Equilibrium The following demand and supply functions are given: Demand function (price as a function of quantity): Pd=300−20Q−Q2P_d = 300 – 20Q – Q^2 …

  Monopoly Cost, Revenue, and Profit A monopolistic firm faces the following marginal revenue function: MR(Q)=−10+7QMR(Q) = -10 + 7Q and the marginal cost function: MC(Q)=20−14Q+3Q2MC(Q) = 20 – 14Q …

Abstract The marketing mix is a fundamental concept in marketing theory that outlines the key elements necessary for an organization to effectively promote and sell its products or services. Traditionally …

A firm’s total revenue function is given by: TR(Q)=−0.5Q3−2Q2+100QTR(Q) = -0.5Q^3 – 2Q^2 + 100Q Question Prove that the price elasticity of demand ∣ED∣|E_D| is approximately equal to 1 when …